Knights (Vassals) followed a code of chivalry and lived in castles, while peasants lived in simple wood-frame houses with straw-thatched roofs and worked hard all year long. 1000, the kingdoms of Europe were divided into thousands of feudal territories at the center of each was a noble's castle or fortress. Under feudalism, landowning nobles governed and protected the people in return for services, such as fighting in a noble's army or farming the land. 800s, this shift of power from kings to nobles led to a new order known as feudalism. Instead, they looked to nobles for protection. when invaders attacked Europe, the peasants, or farmers, could not rely on kings. They gained the right to collect taxes and to impose laws on the people on their estates. Landowning nobles became more and more powerful. Under feudalism, Europe was divided into thousands of territories held by nobles with the lands worked by serfs. When Charles Martel's grandson, Charlemagne's empire collapsed, Western Europe lost its last strong central government. Charles Martel gave estates (large farms) to nobles willing to fight for him. NOBLES GOVERNED AND PROTECTED PEOPLE IN RETURN FOR SERVICES BONDS OF LOYALTY from vassal to lord, VASSAL was a NOBLE who served a lord of a higher rank, swore OATH of allegiance to lord, SERVED IN ARMY Lord granted vassal LAND called a FIEF KNIGHTS fought on HORSEBACK It was based on landowning, loyalty, and the power of armored knights on horseback. Feudalism developed in Europe in the Middle ages.
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